GKE1 Task 1 Essay - 874 Words

GKE Task 1 Western Governors University Themes in U.S. World History November 2, 2013 GKE Task 1 Assessing how environmental and geographical factors, such as location and availability of resources have affected and continue to affect the development, distribution, and diffusion of the human race over time is intriguing. There are several examples of how society’s start and why. One example is the site of ancient Mesopotamia, the birthplace of the world’s first civilizations. Diffusion is the movement of things and ideas from one culture to another. When diffusion occurs, the form of a trait such as tea drinking may move from one society to another but not its original cultural meaning. Two significant†¦show more content†¦When the tea made its way to France, it was also considered a fashionable expensive drink. In the United States the colonists favored tea until the tax imposed on it caused the Revolutionary War in 1775. (Saberi, 2010, p. 112) Turmoil and war has occurred for the diffusion of tea from China to United States. Expansion and the development of the United States can be broken down into many significant historical factors. Two of them, The Gold Rush and The Dust Bowl are good examples. What is known to be the most famous geological event in U.S. history may well be the California Gold Rush, which began in 1849 after gold was discovered the year before at Sutter’s mill. Over 300,000 people traveled from far and wide to be a part of the fortune they seek. With this eruption of travel, the means of transportation were improved. For the nation, the glow generated by its gold rush made California a cynosure and produced a quick political reward. (Emmons Udall, 2003, p. 125) Improvements as well as profits from hydraulic mining were enormous and the states economy boomed. The Dust Bowl brought on some big changes in the expansion and development of the United States. As the droughts of the early 1930’s deepened, the farmers kept plowing and planting and nothing would grow, the ground cover that held the soil was gone. The Dust Bowl of the 1930’s lasted about a decade and the movement of people was profound. Nearly 500,000 American people migratedShow MoreRelatedGke1 Task 11212 Words   |  5 PagesTask 1-A: The two most significant environmental or physical geographic factors that contributed to the development or expansion of the United States is the California Gold Rush and the Irish Potato Famine. The first most significant factor was the California Gold Rush. Before gold was officially discovered in Northern California on January 24, 1848, Kelly (n.d.) states that the entire population of the California territory was around 25,000. A few years after California was admitted as the 31stRead MoreGke1 Task 1 Essay1306 Words   |  6 PagesSmith, A. F. (2011). Potato: A global history (pp. 38-51). London: Reaktion Books. Zimmermann, K. A. (2013, March 14). Andes: Worlds longest mountain range. Retrieved March 13, 2014, from http://www.livescience.com/27897-andes-mountains.html GKE1 TASK 1 1Read MoreTask 1790 Words   |  4 PagesFrost, GKE1 Task 1 Page 1 GKE Task 1 Part A: Over the centuries there have been many different environmental and geographical factors that have shaped the development of the United States. Two of these factors that I feel are extremely significant to this development are the Irish Potato Famine and the discovery of gold in California. The Irish Potato Famine began in Ireland in September 1845. The famine was caused by an airborne fungus, phytophthora infetans, which attacks the leaves of the

Explain How Diors New Look Embraced Both Historicism And...

Explain how Dior’s New Look embraced both historicism and modernism. Your essay must include specific reference to at least two collections and key cultural contexts of post -war France. 1. Introduction A well-known designer in the fashion industry, Christian Dior is known to create very unique and distinctive women wear, especially for creating a collection that became an important moment in the modern-day fashion. Even people with little interest in fashion, when asked about the 1950s womenswear trends, are likely to talk about hourglass figures, big skirts and tiny waists. Editor of American Harper’s Bazaar, Carmel Snow, immediately took to the first collection of Dior â€Å"Corolle† exclaiming â€Å"it’s quite a revolution, dear Christian! Your†¦show more content†¦Bills were passed for rationing of materials such as silk and wool used to make parachutes and uniforms for soldiers. Women’s skirts had to be made within a limited number of yards. Most of the dresses were shapeless, more masculine as women started working in factories and pants became popular (Olds, 2001). 2.2 The Debut On February 12, 1947, Christian Dior, a 42 years old largely unknown couturier launched his collection. Before the debut of this collection, he only had meagre success in the fashion industry but on that day he made history. With his debut collection, Dior created whimsical designs which celebrated sensuality and decadence, reminiscent of Russian Ballet and Belle Époque (Mcauley, 2017). Dior essentially incorporated the historical look where corsets were utilised to accentuate womanly figure, something that had been forgotten due to the war (Oeltjenbruns, 2014). 2.3 The Collections The New Look consisted of various collections such as Corolle, Huit and Tulip. During the day, the broad and squared shoulders were substituted by raglan sleeves while in the evening, they were replaced by bustier. Loose-fitting style was considered a thing of the past and the latest design accentuated the structure of the breasts (Pujalet-Plaà  , n.d.). The waist was fitted and at times was belted and the length of the skirt was also increased. Dior regardless of the expected rationing of materials used a lot of yards in constructing the skirts. The length of the skirt

Dried Papaya Leaves as Organic Mulch for Tomato Plants Free Essays

Dried Papaya Leaves as Organic Mulch for Tomato Plants Abstract Mulching in agricultural provides a safe yet equally profitable method of enriching and fertilizing the soil planted with crops. Most often-used mulches are of organic composition, such as dry leaves and barks. Unlike  synthetic fertilizers  and herbicides, these organic mulches pose no or little damage to the soil and crops. We will write a custom essay sample on Dried Papaya Leaves as Organic Mulch for Tomato Plants or any similar topic only for you Order Now In this study, the effectiveness of  dried papaya  leaves as organic mulch for tomato was tested. Papaya mulches in different thickness were applied on plots planted with tomato in three replications. After the determined period of mulch  application, the researchers  application, the researchers measured the height increases of tomato plants and the weed density in the plots. It was concluded that papaya mulch significantly promoted height increase of tomato plants and inhibited the growth of weeds. The best mulch was 3 inches in thickness. Introduction Usually defined as the use of organic and biodegradable materials to give plants the nutrients they need, organic farming proved to be the safest and most effective method of increasing and sustaining yield. Various methods fall under organic farming, such as composting, green manuring, legume inoculating, and utilizing animal manure as fertilizers. Mulching is a simple process that increases soil fertility and regulating several factors affecting overall plant growth. In this method, a layer of material-the mulch-is placed on soil surface around the plant. The mulch is used to retard the growth of weeds, protect roots and stems from sudden or extreme temperature changes, reduce soil erosion by wind and water, retard runoff of rainfall, prevent soil pudding by breaking the impact of raindrops, and keep flowers and fruits from being spattered with mud during rainstorms. Hypotheses 1. Treatment 2 (black plastic mulch)  was the most  effective mulch for growing eggplant in terms of:a. Controlling  weedsb. Insect  Countc. Number  of  damaged  and  undamaged fruits. Weight of  damaged and undamaged fruits 2. There was  a significant  difference among the treatments  in terms  of:a. Controlling  weedsb. Insect  Countc. Number  of  damaged  and  undamaged fruits. Weight  of  damaged and  undamaged  fruits 3. Treatment 2 (black plastic mulch)  was the most  effective mulch for growing eggplant in terms of producing undamaged fruits. Significance of the study Nowadays, various processes and methods have been considered inorganic farming such as composting and utilizing animal manure. These methods have been proven in giving excellent growth and development of plants. One of the techniques in organic farming that have been used today is mulching, either dry or wet season. It is very effective in conserving soil moisture for  the plants, prevents growth of weeds, can lessen  the use of chemicals like insecticides and pesticides, keep flowers and fruits from being spattered with mud during rainy days, keeps the soil cooler during summer and keeps warmer in rainy season . Numerous recyclable materials are found in our surroundings such as barks, leaves, rice straw, sacks and plastics that can be used for some agricultural purposes like mulching and these materials can be used as an organic fertilizer for plants. Furthermore, rice straw, sacks and plastics has been proven as mulch for plants. If these materials were used properly, it would be a big benefit to the humanity particularly to the farmers . It is for this reason that, the researchers thought of exploring the comparison between rice straw, black plastic and white old sack as mulch for eggplant in terms of number of weeds ,number of insects, number and weight of fruits. Through this, the farmers will have comprehensive information about the differences between the different mulching materials. In addition,  this  study  can  help  the  farmers  to  lessen  the use  of  chemical  products  and  will contribute to the protection of the environment for not using synthetic fertilizers and pesticides which could harm our nature but rather the mulching materials that have a minimal cost and environment friendly. These will also help the  country’s aim in harnessing the full potential of  its natural resources. Definition of terms Papaya leaves are commonly used as organic mulch for tomato plants as they provide all the nutrients required by the plant, without the need to cover the tomato plant in pesticides. Tomatoes grow right through from the spring until autumn, and turn in a number of fruit harvests during this period of time. They are incredibly hungry and thirsty plants and require mulch all summer long for their protection. * Organic mulch for tomatoes Organic mulch can be made from any kind of plant or animal matter and papaya leaves are perfect for this. Other things that can be used include bark, pine chips, grass clippings, spent leaves and regular compost. Papaya leaves are ideal and you can prepare them in the same way you’d prepare any kind of mulch for your plants. * How to apply the mulch Tomatoes will need between 2 and 3 inches of organic mulch surrounding them at all times. This is to ensure that nutrients remain in the soil, and that it remains warm and moist. It is also to discourage the growth of weeds and protect the plant from soil-born diseases and pests. Anyone going about this should lay down a number of layers of papaya leaves over the soil around the tomatoes with a view to achieve the aforementioned depth. Maintaining the plant and mulch Over time, the organic matter (the papaya leaves) will break down and return to the soil, putting nutrients back into the soil for the plant as well. This means that your plant obtains organic nutrients as well as organic protection from the elements. Any gardener will need to monitor the layer of mulch and ensure that it is replenished sufficiently throughout the summer. Review of Related Literature Mulch is a layer of material, preferably organic material that is placed on the soil surface to conserve moisture, hold down weeds,  and ultimately improve soil structure and fertility. There is more to mulch than meets the eye. Be it a fluffy blanket of hay, a rich brown carpet of cocoa bean hells, or a mantle of sawdust that â€Å"topping† for the vegetable patch and flower bed serves as much more than frosting on the garden cake. Mulch Acts. It performs in several wondrous ways. It fills a role as protector of the topsoil conserver of moisture, guardian against weather extremes and comfortable, bruise-saving cushioned under repining procedure. It prevents weed growth while enriching the soil and all but eliminates a lot of those time-consuming, back aching  jobs like plowing and cultivating always. Materials and Methodology Dried papaya  leaves make an ideal organic  mulch, providing warmth and nutrition to the  tomato plant  below, while also helping to prevent the growth of unwanted weeds and proliferation of diseases, as well as protecting them from soil borne pests. All that is needed for papaya  mulch  is the  dried leaves  of the papaya tree. Unfortunately, papaya grows in a  tropical climate  so many not be so easy to come by, although the Internet is an incredible resource for obtaining the unobtainable. If you are geographically fortunate to have a tree growing near you then simply harvest it of its leaves and then dry them out. There are three ways this can be done: 1. Pat dry any moisture on the papaya leaves, hang them up and leave to air in a dark and dry place. This could take several weeks depending on the climate. 2. Place the leaves on a baking tray and heat at around 225 degrees Fahrenheit, monitoring them closely until the moisture has evaporated but before they become brittle or burn. 3. Alternatively zap them in  the microwave  on a low heat until dry. Once dry  apply  the  mulch  at roughly around two to three inches thick on  the soil  bed and around the base of the tomato plants. For best results, he  mulch  should be replenished during the summer once the previous  mulch  has decomposed. The effect of papaya leaves as  mulch  is that they bring the soil’s pH level to a more neutral range which is the preference of most plants. To make mulch for  tomato plants  from  dried papaya  leaves, you’ll need a  mulch lawn mower  and a wood chipping device. By beginning your mulch pile in the autumn months, and continually adding  wood chips  and mulched,  dried papaya  leaves, you’ll soon be ready to add  the pile  to the earth  around your  tomato plants  (in late spring or early summer). The best mulches, such as mulch created with  dried papaya  leaves, are used to add height and width to  tomato plants. The nutrients and  chemical composition  of  dried papaya  leaves makes these leaves very effective fertilizers for  tomato plants. Tomato Growing Tips †¢ When planting your tomatoes from seeds, be sure you space the seeds out and give each seed plenty of room to sprout roots and grow. The best tomato growers give each seedling a few inches of space before planting the next seed. If you don’t have much soil to grow your tomatoes in, consider planting less seeds, but taking excellent care of the seedlings that are already in place. To get the best results, seeds need plenty of room to  branch  out and lay down roots. †¢ Trimming your plants with garden shears can be a great way to ensure that you get bigger, juicier tomatoes during the growing season. In general, removing leaves from the bottom portion of the  tomato plant  is the best gardening  strategy. It’s fine to leave the top leaves as they are when tending to your  tomato plants. Mulching is a clever way to amp up the size and scale of your  tomato plants, and dried papaya  leaves are terrific natural â€Å"food† for  tomato plants. If you’re examining ways to improve your yield of  tomato plants  this year, be sure to think about creating a mulch pile filled with shredded papaya leaves and  wood chips. Discussion of results Based on the data the researchers have gathered, we can see how the set-ups with dried papaya leaf mulch had a higher growth rate than those without. After the allotted time for the experiment, all the plants from the mulch set-up grew at least 7cm higher with the highest growing 8cm higher. On the other hand the set-ups without mulch only grew at least 5cm taller with the highest growing only 7cmtaller. Set-ups Set-up  Parts| Before  Mulch  Exposure| After  One  Week| Tomato plant| Light  Green  leafs  | Dark  Green  leafs,  taller| Dried Papaya Leaf Mulch| Damp| Dry,  bad  smell| Summary All plants are still healthy  because  of the color of  their leaves. By week 3, the average height of the A plants is 4. 462 cm (2. 44 cm more than initial average height). The average height of the B plants by week 3 is 5. 990 cm (3. 804 cm more than initial average height). Conclusion The researchers therefore conclude that using dried papaya leaves as mulch for tomato plant helps tremendously in its growth rate. Dried papaya leaves have nutrients that help nurture the soil so that it will be more favorable conditions for the growth of tomato plants. Also the researchers found out that dried papaya leaves are basic and therefore help make the soil in which tomato plants grow more neutral. This is important because studies have shown that neutral pH levels of soil are the most favorable conditions for a tomato plant to grow in. Recommendations 1. All plants could be at  the same initial height at the  start of the experiment to  have more consistent data and to see the growth with more precision. . Based on our further research, testing dried papaya leafs as insect repellants would be a more effective topic than testing its characteristic as alkaline mulch. 3. There could have been a set-up in which a commercial fertilizer was used to be able to compare the mulch’s attributes to fertilizers used by farmers all around the country. 4. The set-ups could have been observed for at leas t two more weeks to check if  the growth rate for both set-ups would have remained constant or changed over  time. How to cite Dried Papaya Leaves as Organic Mulch for Tomato Plants, Essay examples

Violence On Television Argumentative Essay Example For Students

Violence On Television Argumentative Essay There was murderers going around killing lots of people and stealingjewelry. This quote comes from the mouth of an eight year old girl afterwatching the evening news on television. The eight year old girl claimsthat she is afraid when there is a murder near because you never know ifhe could be in town (Cullingford, 61). A recent report from the NationalInstitute of Mental Health (NIMH) pools evidence from over 2,500 studieswithin the last decade on over 100,000 subjects from several nations toshow that the compiled evidence of televisions influence on behavior is sooverwhelming that there is a consensus in the research community thatviolence on television does lead to aggressive behavior (Methvin, 49). Given that the majority of scientific community agrees that the researchfindings of the NIMH publication support conclusion of a causalrelationship between television violence and aggressive behavior (Wurtzel,21), why is it that the Saturday morning kid vid ghetto is the mostviolent time on T.V. (Methvin, 49), and that despite slight variationsover the past decade, the amount of violence on television has remained atconsistently high levels (Wurtzel, 23)? Why is it that, like the tobaccocompanies twenty years ago, the present day television broadcastingcompanies refuse to consent that violent films and programming can and dohave harmful effects on their viewers (Rowland, 280) What can be done tocombat the stubborn minded broadcasting companies and to reduce the amountof violent scenes that infest the current air waves?The television giants of today, such as ABC, CBS, and NBC continue toair violent shows, because they make money off of these programs. Ingeneral, society finds scenes o f violence simply exciting (Feshbach, 12). Broadcasting companies argue that based on the high ratings, they aregiving the public what it wants, and therefore are serving the publicinterest (Time, 77). Michael Howe states: We have to remember thatchildren and adults do enjoy and do choose to watch those programs thatcontain violence (48). At the same time, however, we must also rememberthe undeniable truth that there is clear evidence between televisionviolence and later aggressive behavior (Palmer, 120). Because violenttelevision has been proven time and time again to play an active roletoward inciting hostile behavior in children, the level of combativeprogramming must be reduced. The media argument that high ratingscorrespond with the publics best interest is simply not valid. Even theAmerican Medical Association agrees that the link between televisedviolence and later aggressive behavior warrants a major organized cry ofprotest from the medical profession (Palmer, 122). The issue of thepublics infatuation with television can be paralleled with that of a youngchild and his desire for candy and junk foods. The child enjoys eatingsuch foods, though they produce the harmful effects of rotting away at histeeth. With a parent to limit his intake of such harmful sweets, however,the child is protected from their damage. Similarly, the American publicdesires to view violent programs at the risk of adapting induced aggressivebehaviors. Because the networks refuse to act as a mother, and to limitthe amount of violence shown on television, there are no restrictions toprevent televisions violent candy from rotting away at the teeth ofsociety. Harry Skornia claims that it is naive and romantic to expect acorporation to have either a heart of a soul in the struggle for profitsand survival (34). But who, then, is to take responsibility for themedias actions if not the industry itself? Because there has not been anysufficient answers to this question so far, television violence has notdiminished greatly; nor have Saturday morning programs for children, markedby excessively violent cartoons, changed much for the better (Palmer,125). One may ask: Why cant the government or the Federal CommunicationsCommission (FCC) intervene to control the amount of violent programmingthat currently circulates during most broadcasting hours? Edward Palmerstates: The FCCs reluctance to regulate especially directly aboutviolent content is consistent with that of many other groups. Becausethe First Amendment guarantees freedom of the press, no direct censorshipos programming has ever been advocated by responsible groups concerned withthe problem of television violence (124). The American BroadcastingCompany (ABC) holds fast to its claim that there are no scientific findingsthat show a link between television violence and unusually violent behaviorin children (Rowland, 279). The network executives at ABC express theideals that they are self-confident about the lack

Advertising Slogan free essay sample

Various slogans start out as the former, and are, over time, converted into the latter as ideas take hold with tuberculin. Some advertising slogans are memorable after general use is discontinued. Etymology and nomenclature[edit] According to the 1913 Webster Dictionary, a slogan (J slogan/) derives from the Gaelic slough;graham (an army cry). It has come to mean in its contemporary sense, a distinctive advertising motto, or advertising phrase, used by any entity to convey a purpose or ideal; Or, a catchphrase. Tastiness, tag lines, or tags are American terms for brief public communication promoting products and services. In the UK they are called end lines, midlines, or strapless. [1 2] In Japan, they are called catchy -t Z -? chichi catch phrase ($ -t V -? chichi furz? ). See also: Tagging Functional slogans[edit] Further information: Marketing A marketing slogan can play a part in the interplay be;en rival companies. 13] A functional slogan 5][16][1 7][1 8] states product benefits (or brand benefits) for users (or potential buyer)[1 9] implies a distinction between it and other firms products[20][21] -? of course, within the usual legal constraints makes a simple, 3] clearly defined, ND appropriate statement is witty; Or, adopts a distinct personality[note 4] gives a credible impression of a brand or product[note 5] makes the consumer experience an emotion; Or, creates a need or desire[note 6] is hard to forget -? it adheres to ones memory[note 7] The business sloganeering process commun icates the value of a product or service to customers, for the purpose of selling the product or service. We will write a custom essay sample on Advertising Slogan or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is a business function for attracting customers. See also: Visual marketing and Promotion (marketing) Social control[edit] Advertising slogans as a system of social control include devices similar o watchwords, catchwords, and mottoes. [note 1] Advertising slogans have extended into other areas, such as politics and religion. [11] Fountainheads of strength are found in such features as antithesis, alliteration, euphoniously, punning, obviousness, and brevity. [11 J The use of slogans may be examined in so far as the slogans continue unconscious and unintentional responses. [11] Slogan nomenclature.Whats what, where? In the XII, they are End lines, midlines or strapless. In the LISA, they are Tags, tag lines or tastiness. In Germany, they are.. . Claims. In Belgium, they are Baselines. In France, they are. .. Signatures. In the Netherlands and Italy, they are Pay-offs or payoffs. To the unimaginative, they are Rip-offs or rip-offs. The bland leading the bland. Generically, they are.. . Slogans. At Dagons. Com, we call me Slogs (the slogan by the logo). They are often UK Trade Marks US Trademarks SMS US Service Marks UK Registered Trade Marks CSS Registered Trademarks And the same sort of thing in the rest of the world.BENCHMARK Agree Neutral Disagree 1. Its memorable -5 2. It recalls the brand name 5 3. It includes a key benefit 4. It differentiates the brand 5. It reflects the brand personality 6. Its believable 7. Its strategic 8. Its competitive 9. Its original 10. Its not in current use by others THE ART AND SCIENCE OF THE ADVERTISING SLOGAN BY TIMOTHY R. V. FOSTER In his book, Creative Advertising, Charles L. Whittier says a slogan: Should be a statement of such merit about a product or service that it is worthy of continuous repetition in advertising, is worthwhile for the public to remember, and is phrased in such a way that the public is likely to remember it. To which we add: The purpose of the strapping (slogan, claim, ending, signature, etc. Click here to see slogan nomenclature) is to leave the key brand message in he mind of the target. It is the sign-off that accompanies the logo. It says If you get nothing else from this ad, get this..! 1. A slogan should be memorable Memorabilia has to do with the ability the line has to be recalled unaided. A lot of this is based on the brand heritage and how much the line has been used over the years. But if it is a new line, what makes it memorable? I suggest it is the story told in the advertisement the big idea. The more the line resonates with the big idea, the more memorable it will be. My goodness, my Guinness! , as well as being a slick line, was made memorable by the illustrations of the Guinness drinker seeing his pint under some sort of threat (perched on the nose of a performing seal, for example). It invoked a wry smile and a tinge Of sympathy on the part Of the audience at the potential loss if the Guinness was dropped. If it is successful, Ideally the line should pass readily into common parlance as would a catchphrase, such as Bean means Heinz or Wheres the beef? In addition to a provocative and relevant illustration or story, alliteration, coined words, puns and rhymes are good ways of making a line memorable, as is a jingle. Lets look at some examples of these: Alli teration Coined words Puns Well look at rhymes in the next section. This technique is a familiar aide-memoir. Jaguar: Dont dream it. Drive it.Girl Guides: Dream. Dare. Do. La: Functional. .. Fashionable Formidable.. . Hire Knowledge: Specialized staffing solutions. Using made-up words can also help. Guinness: Guinness isnt good for you. Neff: Inefficiency. KIP Paean TTS: Pure snacking. Pure sensitivity. Smarmiest: Waterloo! Puns in the line, no branding A really good pun can work miracles. However note the lack of brand identity in these otherwise excellent examples. Almost any competing brand could use these lines. Moss Security: Alarmed? You should be. Cassia: Precisely what youre looking for. Northern Telecoms: Technology the world calls on. Bending Appliances: Well do the homework. Puns in the line, with brand name In these lines, the brand name appears, but as the solution or promise rather than part of the fun. Barbados: Barbados. Goodness. Gracious. Finish Detergent: Brilliant cleaning starts with Finish. Keno Really Rich Coffee: Get Rich quick. Puns in the line, with brand name at work Here the brand goes to work, inextricably part of the pun. Quavers Snacks: Do me a Quaver. Thomas Cook: Dont just book it, Thomas Cook it. MOM: think, therefore IBM. Abbey National Building Society: Investments with Abbey endings. 2. A slogan should recall the brand name Ideally the brand name should be included in the line. My goodness, my Guinness! thus works, as does Ah, Bistro! . On the other hand, Once driven, forever smitten does not easily invoke the word Vaughan, nor does All it leaves behind is other non-bios scream out Fairy Ultra. This, by the way, is possibly the worst ending in the history of advertising! It certainly gets my vote. Its a brand manager at PG speaking to a brand manager at the competition and it means it doesnt leave a nasty residue in the wash the laundry equivalent of no bathtub ring. No housewife could possibly understand it. Whats the point of running an advertisement in which the brand name is not clear? Yet millions of pounds are wasted in this way. If the brand name isnt in the strapping, it had better be firmly suggested.Nikkei dares to run commercials that sign off only with their visual logo the swoosh like a tick mark or check mark, as the Americans say. The word Nikkei is unspoken and does not appear. This use of semiotics is immensely powerful when it works, because it forces the viewer to say the brand name. Rhymes with brand name One of the best techniques for bringing in the brand name is to make the tramline rhyme with it. Here are some lines weve selected from the Dagons. Com database. See how well it works if the brand name is the rhyming word. City Link: City Linking, smart thinking. Quavers: The flavor of a Quaver is never known to waver. Radio Rentals: Stay contented, get Radio Rented.

Slavery, Reparation and Restorative Justice

Slavery, Reparation and Restorative Justice 1. Background Barely two hundred years ago, slavery was common and accepted in the countries of Europe as well as in North America. The hunting ground was, in an overwhelming majority of cases, the African continent. White slave traders, sometimes helped by local Africans, plundered the land for men and women, who were taken away in captivity to work on among other places, plantations, farms and town building projects for white masters in North America, the Caribbean islands and other European colonies. Slavery and its attendant evils rank right at the top of the list on the worst horrors perpetrated by humankind. There are many who believe that the enormity of the crime outweighs the Jewish holocaust and the dropping of the atom bomb. The only comparable evil the world has seen is the persecution of women, the causes of which, however, are very different. The abolition of slavery took place over the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, from most parts of the world. The 1815 Declaration Relative to the Universal Abolition of the Slave Trade 6 (the 1815 Declaration) was the first international instrument to condemn it. The abolitionist movement began as an effort to stop the Atlantic slave trade and to free slaves in the colonies of European countries and in the United States. A large number of agreements dating from the early nineteenth century, both multilateral and bilateral, contain provisions prohibiting such practices in times of war and peace. It has been estimated that between 1815 and 1957 some 300 international agreements were implemented to suppress slavery. (Weissbrodt Dottridge, 2002, p. 3) Greater interest has naturally been taken in American slavery for it was far more extensive and lasted longer. There were many thousands of slave holding families in the US at the time of the civil war. The abolition of slavery divided American society right down the middle and culminated in a great civil war in which thousands of Americans lost their lives. Slavery has been defined as the status or condition of a person over whom any or all of the powers attaching to the right of ownership are exercised (Weissbrodt Dottridge, 2002, p. 4). Tragically, this ownership included the prerogative to behave violently with one’s slaves and it can be said with certainty that the history of slavery in the US would not have been so much of a slur on the white people but for the continuous and horrific violence perpetrated upon the slaves by their white masters. Even after the formal abolition of slavery, violence continued and even escalated against African-Americans in the US. Lynching, an extreme form of mob violence which took its’ cue from vigilantism and found easy acceptance, was used with telling effect. From the 1880s mob violence reflected white Americas contempt for African-Americans and mob violence became the means of asserting white dominance. African-Americans suffered grievously under lynch law. In addition to lynching of individuals, race riots with blacks as victims happened with periodic ferocity. Furthermore, mobs used especially sadistic tactics when blacks were the prime targets. By the 1890s lynchers increasingly employed burning, torture, and dismemberment to prolong suffering and excite a festive atmosphere among the killers and onlookers. White families brought small children to watch, newspapers carried notices, railroad agents sold excursion tickets to lynching sites, and mobs cut off black victims’ fingers, toes, ears, or genitalia as souvenirs.(About Lynching, Pg 1) Incredible as it may appear, extreme forms of violence against African-Americans was commonplace even a century ago and it is easy to understand the emotional scars and disturbed psyches of the Africans and the African Americans. For most whites slavery is little more than an unpleasant memory of a time gone by. For many Africans and African Americans, however, it remains a festering wound that is kept raw by feelings of oppression and discrimination. In recent times, there has been much talk of reparation and social justice to recompense for these crimes and to integrate African-Americans with the peoples of the world, to enable them to take their place as people of dignity and respect. The basic argument is clear as rainwater: Slavery was a crime as horrible as any imaginable. People were tortured, enslaved, and unfairly deprived of the fruits of their labor. They were denied the right to hand down any appreciable assets. And their descendants, who were promised freedom and forty acres, were lynched, segregated, discriminated against, and, in virtually every way, excluded from enjoying the full fruits of freedom, They never got their land. And they only recently have been given the opportunity to earn anything approximating fair compensation. Hence a debt is owed. (Cose, 2004) My background as a criminologist and my origins from an ex-slave country prompted me to take up research in the subject area. A number of informative books and articles on the issue, some of which are listed in the bibliography, were available for reference and catalyzed my decision to research the area under discussion in depth. I hope this effort will throw further light on this grievous period of history and enable a deeper understanding of the anguish felt by the millions who have been scarred by these happenings. 2. Definition of Research Question The vastness of the subject and the scale of the work, already investigated and published in the area, pre-empts the possibility of general research being of specific use. It is essential to establish a particular focus in the area of slavery and reparation. Violence, physical and emotional, being an intrinsic and important element of the slavery experience, continues to dominate the minds and play upon the psyches of the African-Americans and descendants of erstwhile slaves in other parts of the world. It is thus necessary to try to focus on the best means of reparation, which will largely redress these past hurts and injustices. There have been many cases of emotional reparation in the recent past concerning people who have been hurt by other communities. The British Prime Minister, Tony Blair, apologized to the Irish for the potato famine in the nineteenth century. Pope John Paul II did the same for the Churchs treatment of heretics during the Inquisition. Australia continues to apologize for its treatment of the aborigines. In the US, President Clinton has apologized to Hawaiians for the overthrow of their Queen a century ago. Apologies and reparations have been given to the Japanese- Americans, who were placed under detention after Pearl Harbor. In this context, what sort of reparation will be relevant for the African- Americans in the US? Martin Luther King gave an interview to Playboy magazine in 1965, during the course of which he said, Can any fair-minded citizen deny that the Negro has been deprived? Few people reflect that, for two centuries, the Negro was enslaved and robbed of any wages potential accrued wealth which would have been the legacy of his descendants. All of Americas wealth today could not adequately compensate its Negroes for his centuries of exploitation and humiliation. (Cose, 2004) Others feel that an apology for slavery is mindless mush. Slavery finally is not something where a simple apology makes any sense. Those who advocate a formal apology believe that such a step would have an ameliorating effect upon race relations, but many others sharply disagree. Professor Thomas Sewell writes, First of all, slavery is not something like stepping on someones toe accidentally, where you can say excuse me. If the people who actually enslaved their fellow human beings were alive today, hanging would be too good for them. If an apology would make no sense coming from those who were personally guilty, what sense does it make for someone else to apologize today?' (Parker, 2000, p. 18) The Research Question can thus be defined as follows: What will be the most suitable form of emotional and material reparation which will alleviate the traumas being faced by descendants of slaves and achieve a significant disconnect with the history of violence embedded in their psyches? Along with this, two subsidiary questions will need to be investigated. Who should be responsible for giving the reparation, citizens, companies or state? How will the reparation be used to benefit the sufferers? Education, benefits, status?† 3. Research Methodology The Research Methodology will necessarily focus on the study and analysis of the origin, consolidation, propagation and abolition of slavery in the US, the regions where its practice was prevalent and the companies, communities and individuals who have benefited most from the practice. The harm inflicted on the African-American community will need to be investigated with respect to numbers affected and atrocities committed, pre and post the abolition of slavery. While it is an accepted fact that documented records of atrocities are incomplete to a great extent, the available material, interpreted properly should also throw up some relevant insights into the issue. The research assignment will also need to focus on the reparation being demanded and being given internationally to other affected communities, namely the Jews of Europe, the Indians in the US, the Irish in the UK, the other castes in India and the aboriginals in Australia as well as recent international thoughts and agreements on the issue. There is substantial literature available on the subject, some of which have been listed in the bibliography. Statistical data is available from state records for perusal and analysis. It is also proposed to take interviews with a number of people (at least a hundred) with connections ancestral connections to slavery, descendants of slaveholders and slaves. These interviews will necessarily have structured questions, most of which will be open-ended to facilitate qualitative answers. Too many problems are not expected in the assignment, as a significant amount of data will be available from printed literature and governmental archives. Interviews with white and Afro-American respondents will need a certain amount of search and co-ordination but co-operation should be forthcoming, especially after they are informed of the purpose of the research. Standard project monitoring tools and simple software will ensure the meeting of planned completion targets and scheduled presentation of the thesis.

Where will Russia be in the Year 2050 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Where will Russia be in the Year 2050 - Essay Example It is interesting to foresee what economic position Russia would gain by 2050. The collapse of Soviet Union in 1991 was a major event in the history of Russian economy. Since then, Russia has been trying to develop a market economy that would ensure consistency in economic growth. In 1991, Nikolayevich Yeltsin, the first president of the Russian Federation, announced that Russia would follow a radical as well as market-oriented reform along with the elements of ‘shock therapy’ (Basic Information on Russia). However, Yeltsin’s policy resulted in the economic collapse of Russia, which pushed millions of people into poverty. The removal of soviet price controls and 1998 Russian financial crisis resulted hyperinflation in different times. During this period, corruption and crimes immensely spread across the nation and worsened the situation. The Russian economy underwent severe difficulties during its transition from a centrally planned economy to a free market system . However, Russia could effectively overcome the serious financial crisis in 1998. During 2000-01, the country met its extra debt services, made huge advance payments on IMF loans, and also built up Central Bank reserves. In 2002, large current account surpluses considerably improved the trade and industry of the nation. As a result of higher Ministry of Finance and Eurobond payments, the country’s debt rose to $19 million in 2003. The Russian government established the Stabilization fund of the Russian Federation in 2004 with intent to address oil price falls. This provision brought fruitful outcomes to the Russian economy during the past few years. Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin became the president of Russia in 2000 and he continued until 7th May 2008 by winning the 2004 presidential election also. Under his period, Russia achieved tremendous economic growth. The nation’s real GDP growth for the last 10 years was 10% (2000), 5.1% (2001), 4.7% (2002), 7.3% (2003), 7.2% (2004), 6.4% (2005), 8.2% (2006), 8.5% (2007), 5.2% (2008), -7.8% (2009), and 4% (2010) (Global finance). Although the 2008-09 Russian financial crisis shook the economy, the present signs show that the country recovers faster. When many of the rich economies still struggle with 2008 global crisis, Russia’s faster recovery predicts a prosperous future for the country. The Russian economy successfully overcame the 1998 crisis. Subsequently, unemployment rate got decreased, and investment, production, and consumption got expanded. At the same time, the country has begun a series of fruitful economic reforms including enactment of fundamental tax reform and strengthening its banking system. Although, these improvements are potential enough to stabilize the future growth of Russian economy, the nation would face severe issues if it happened other way. The present trends show that the country maintains a promising GDP growth and a positive balance of payments; they would greatly contribute to the economic future of Russia. In addition, as reported in World Economic Forum, Russia keeps a potential collection of untapped energy resources, sustainability in low interest rates, strength in currency, and abundant liquidity. These economic features have the ability to raise Russia to the world’s top by 2050. The country’s inflation rate was very high (14.1%) in 2008 whereas, it fell to 11.7% and 6.9% in 2009 and 2010 respectively. The huge decrease of inflation rate from 14.1% in 2008 to 6.9% in 2010 indicates the strength of the country’s economic policies. Similarly, Russia also maintains a satisfactory employment rate over the past few years; the unemployment rate of the country was 6.4%, 8.4%, and 7.5% in 2008, 2009, and 2010

Project Management Practices, Methodologies, Tools, and Techniques Assignment

Project Management Practices, Methodologies, Tools, and Techniques Used In the Expansion Project - Assignment Example This research will begin with the statement that the Custom Woodwork Company, established in 1954, is a medium-sized company specializing in producing custom furniture and cabinet making. The company gained the good reputation in the market and with its working over past few years. With the introduction of John Carpenter, company owner’s son, the company moved to subcontracting furniture installation and supplies to its customers. In 1989, following an increased demand for commercial furniture, the company decided to undertake expansion project for enlarging its facilities. The company had two options available, either move to a new location or expand existing facilities to avoid any interruption. A plan for the company was developed for an earlier project and an improved plan has been proposed for completion of the project. In this report, project objectives. Scope of work, work breakdown structure, project network diagram has been examined and a Gantt chart has been formulat ed on the basis of information provided in the case study. The objectives that were decided as part of the project completion were thorough deliberated in hourly prolonged meetings between the executives of the company for a considerable duration of the project prior to the undertaking. However, it is suggested that a feasibility study prior to finalizing the project objectives would have been a better option to establish actual requirements. Besides, rather than taking up a separate feasibility study this effort could have been made part of the project justification. The primary problem in finalizing the project objectives was that department heads and employees were not involved to actually figure out their requirements and how they perceived to be impacted by the project. It is important to note what type of expansion or up-gradation is expected in the facility to meet the growth requirements.

Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Literature - Essay Example The Story of an hour begins with a tone of anxiety when the family members express concern how to break the news to Mrs. Mallard, the main character. The reader is immediately transported into a state of anxiety and fear as he too is keen to know what the news to be broken to Mrs. Mallard is. When her sister breaks the news of the fatal accident that Mr. Mallard had met with, Mrs. Mallard bursts into tears. This is moment of ‘recognition’ as described by Aristotle, which did have the emotional effect both on the main character and the reader alike. Her reaction was different from other women of her times, which makes the moment more effective. The description of her state at learning the news creates mixed reactions in the reader. She sits motionless on the chair and then stares with a vacant look. The reader also wonders what is approaching her as she becomes powerless and whispers ‘free, free, free’. This moment is significant as it is filled with terror a nd emptiness and is successful in evoking the emotions in the reader. As the news sinks in, Mrs. Mallard seems to be elated at the thought that henceforth she would be free to do what she wants in life when the author describes, ‘she was drinking in a very elixir of life through that open window’. This is the moment of reversal because is something different from what the reader would expect from a woman who has just lost her husband. The moment of reversal comes when Mr. Mallard walks in totally unaware of what had taken place. This description too leaves the reader shocked as this was least expected. The first unexpected event is the walking in of Mr. Mallard, which itself is stunning. The second event is the moment of both recognition and reversal at the same time as Mrs. Mallard collapses on seeing her husband. The doctors declare that she died of a joy that kills. The reader wonders

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Touristm

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Touristm Tourism is the worlds biggest industry in the 20th century and has taken place for a very long time, it recognized as an important economic and social phenomenon. We are certainly believes that modern tourism can bring more advantages than disadvantages to popular tourist areas in terms of the culture, economic, environmental and society. In the following, we will focus to discuss the benefits and drawbacks of modern tourism in several areas which are mentioned before. In terms of society, high amount of tourist arrival can lead to create more occupation opportunity to the citizen in that city or country, consequence that can reduce the unemployment rate of that country. According to research of UNWTO Tourism Highlight, The report mentions that the international tourist arrival of the world has 2.9% rises on the average annual growth (UNWTO, 2010). It can be positively estimated that increase of tourism can increase the demand in service and tourist industry such as travel agencies, hotels, restaurants, bars, theme parks and sightseeing attractions. Thus, it cause the companies create more job positions to provide service to the tourist. Secondly, Tourism is the largest single industry in the world and it regarded as an exciting global business nowadays. According to the special designated topic of tourism on Independent Educational Magazine, it mentions that In the UK alone, 2.1 million people work in jobs supported by visitor spending. Both home and abroad, careers in the tourism industry attract a wide range of people with all sorts of interests and ambitions. (Tourism: The worlds biggest single industry, 21 September 2006) In brief, it can be said that the tourism industry can effectively to create more job opportunity as well as reduce the unemployment rate to that country. However, the modern tourism will bring several negative effects in our society. A vigorous of modern tourism causes concentration of tourism employment which is means the employees are lopsided in one of the tourist industry on that country. According to the Travel Daily News, Dublin has the highest concentration of tourism employment, with one-third of the total, followed by the BMW region with 25% and the south-west which has 15%. In 2004, Faille Ireland trained just under 10,000 people for careers in hospitality and tourism. (Theodore, 2005) In Dublin and other popular tourism of country, they will be facing a serious problem, because there have concentrated employment in one or few specific industry (e.g. hotels, bars, theme parks, transportation company). Consequently, the industry of the country will be focused on one-sided to the tourism and will put less effort to develop other area of industry, for example, the expense on education, citizen welfare or medical expense on gene ral public. Furthermore, if the tourism becomes more saturated, the poor employment opportunities would be offered to the workers such as the job is often seasonal, exploited and low-paying. Secondly, the modern tourism may affect the security problem in popular tourist areas, consequence that country will become more serious and hazards to visit and stay, for instance during the World Cup 2010 event, the robbery and car hijackings are frequently occur in South Africa. From the travel news World Cup 2010: crime threat to visitors is exaggerated, it mentioned that Much has been said in the build-up to the World Cup about South Africas crime problem and the threats to visiting supporters. The crime is a serious problem in South Africa, the countrys murder rate is 37.3 per 100,000 in 2009-10, and it is extremely high when compared to the global homicide rate of 7.6 per 100,000. (Burger, 2010). It can be say that the rise of crime rate can be caused by tourism. Base on the not fully dev eloped law system e.g. Africa, many lawbreakers will decide street robbery or muggings to the tourist when in high arrival rate of tourist during hosting the world event. In China, Pickpocketing, which is different to robbery, is more common in touristy areas especially in the crowed area (train stations, shopping hotspots, sightseeing attractions), because the criminals can easier to leave and Pickpocketing is easier happening on the foreign tourists. Thus, the crime activities can be increased by the modern tourism. Thirdly, the population problem will occur on some of countries or cities which are not big enough. Because of mass of the tourist arrival to the small city, the city becomes more crowded. For example, Hong Kong is a small city in China. Though, there have a mass of tourist travel in the city. There were 16.9 million of international tourist arrivals in Hong Kong in 2009 (UNWTO, 2010), In fact, many people and cars in the street and the place is very crowded no matter in the tourist spots, shopping Centre, restaurants and the hotels are always fully reserved by the tour agency. In short, the tourism will cause population problem to some small country or city that may certainly cause the citizen feel worse. As regards the Economy of the country, the modern tourism will bring a high economic income to that country. In the UNWTO Tourism Highlights, Edition 2010 which mentioned the data of tourism receipts, it said the international tourism receipts reached US$ 852 billion (611 billion euros) in year 2009 (UNWTO, 2010) which shows the country can get a high income from the tourist expense and therefore boost the economics of that area. Because the visitors expense their money on shopping, transportation, accommodation and dinning by spend theirs holiday in the unusual place. Moreover, the income comes from the tourism can be used on the national society. For example, it can used to improve the education system, infrastructure, welfare and promote its country. Eventually, the industry of economy of that country can be improved by the expenses of the modern tourism. Secondly, the modern tourism can provide more business opportunity and support to the small local company such as boat operatin g company, the souvenir shop. In Thailand, most of the local boat operating company provides some boat tour service to transport tourist to different islands for holiday to sightseeing and sea activities. Also, most of fishing boat will converse to the tour boat in the seasonal travel period, the fishing boat use to transport the tourist to gain additional income from tourism other than fishing. As a result, the local company and the fish boat operator can received more income from the tourism to support their own business. On the other hand, the modern tourism can easily affected by the unstable economic market. For example, in the Late-2000s financial crisis in 2008 to 2009, the worlds tourist industries were facing a serious problem, because most of peoples were turn down their travel plan and cancel theirs trip even they reserved a tour. Due to the depressed economic environment, most of the employee was dismissed by the company and the hotels, bars, shops were forced to close, as well as the industry in current country were attacked deeply. Eventually, the modern tourism will be destructed by the seasonal and unstable economic market. With regard to the Environment, the environmental sense of the general public can be improved by having environmental travel, because of environmental travel promotes environmental awareness to the traveler. In terms of Ecotourism, it means the tourists travel in the unpopular tourist spot, natural, and usually protected areas for example Amazon, New Zealand, South Africa (A. Martin, Lindsay D., 2011). Its purpose is to educate the tourist to protect our surrounding such as forest, river and the sea. On the other hand, the tourism activities of tourist will damage the environment and pollute the area. According to report of Air Pollution from Ground Transportation from United Nations (2002 edition), it said Transportation involves the combustion of fossil fuels to produce energy translated into motion. Pollution is created from incomplete carbon reactions, unburned hydrocarbons or other elements present in the fuel or air during combustion (Gorham, 2002) Therefore, the transportation (airplane, tourist coach, etc.) causes air pollution which releases the green house gases, various gaseous and liquid vapor such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, dust particles and soot to our atmosphere during transporting to the destination place, seriously those product of combustion is responsible for the greenhouse effect. Moreover, the behavior of the tourist is needed to concern when they are traveling. Some low civism sense of the tourist may damage the historical relic and public property in the tourist spot. Consequence, the valuable historical relics are injured and cannot to repair at all. In terms of Culture, tourism activities can speed up the spread of dangerous diseases from one country to another country by the modern transportation systems such as airplane, train, coach. According to the Globalization 101 of Health and Globalization report, it stated that Between 2007 and 2008 there was a 1.8 percent increase in international travel. In the same way that ancient caravans and seagoing vessels carried illnesses from city to city, modern transportation systems do the same thing, only at a vastly greater speed. (Globalization101, 2010) Also, it mentioned increase of international travel have played a major role on spread of HIV and AIDS. Some scientist found that the HIV virus was originated in West Africa. However, unfortunately, it spreads out to other region. The main reason is global travel can cause increased dispersion of contagions and also disease can spread by traveling to different place. For example, the passengers take a long distance flight on airplane, recirculate air may cause a significant threat to passengers for contracting diseases such as tuberculosis, which is common lung disease and it is extremely contagious in air. Therefore, the other passengers may have high chance to get sick after taking a long flight, if one of the passengers is carrying virus to take flight. After we were focus to discuss the benefits and drawbacks in four dimension area (our society, economy, environment, and culture). It can be conclude that there are more advantages than disadvantage to popular tourist country or in specific area. The modern tourism can bring our government or industries receive more income and financial support. Also, more opportunity will be created by company to cope with a large amount of tourist arrival, and provide more job opportunity to the worker and small company. However, there still have many problem instigated by the modern tourism activities, we strongly believe that the government can completely solve these problems by setting up corresponding policy.

Does raising the light intensity increase the rate of photosynthesis? :: Biology

Does raising the light intensity increase the rate of photosynthesis? Aim: To see if raising the light intensity increases the rate of photosynthesis. Prediction:I predict that raising the light intensity will increase the rate of photosynthesis. I think this because light is the most important thing needed for photosynthesis. I then think that the rate of photosynthesis will stay the same when it reaches a certain point. I think this because the plant may use up all of the carbon dioxide (Sodium hydro carbonate) and the plant can have as much light as it needs but if it does not have any carbon dioxide it will not be able to photosynthesise. The temperature also has to be right. If it is too hot the enzymes will be destroyed and the plant will not be able to photosynthesise. The temperature and the amount of carbon dioxide are called the limiting factors. I think a graph of the results would look like this: Apparatus list: * Piece of weed * Paperclip * Sodium hydro carbonate * Water * Test tube * Beaker * Lamp * Stopwatch * Scissors * Spatula * Meter Rule * Glass Rod * Measuring Cylinder Diagram: Method: 1. Collect the equipment on the equipment list. 2. Darken the room, so that the plant cannot use light for photosynthesising from other places. 3. Cut a piece of weed that is about 5 cm long. 4. Put a spatula measure of sodium hydro carbonate in a test tube with 40ml cold tap water and stir. This provides the plant with enough CO2 to photosynthesise. 5. Fill a 1000ml beaker with 700ml water and put the test tube into it. This will act as heat shield from the lamp, so that the temperature will not affect the experiment. 6. Put the weed in the test tube with the cut end facing upwards. 7. Put the lamp 10cm away form the beaker and switch on. 8. Leave the weed to adjust to the conditions for 1 minute. 9. Time one minute and count the bubbles coming out of the cut end of the leaf for 1 minute. 10. Record the results in a table. 11. Then do the whole experiment 3 times for accuracy, then find the average and record in your table. 12. Do the whole experiment 6 times for 20cm, 30cm, 40cm, 50cm, and 60cm away from the lamp. Fair Test: To make this a fair test I will not let any of the variables change apart from the light intensity because this is part